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苏联是世界上卫生保健事业最普及的国家之一,十月革命之后,苏联就制定了一系列改善城乡医疗服务的法令,并逐步在城市和农村建成了一个为全民服务的、免费的医疗保健网。为适应这一新的需要,在全国范围内不仅要培养大量训练有素的高级卫生人员,也需要大量培养包括护士在内的各类辅助卫生人员。据报导,1980年全苏共有高级卫生人员90万,中级卫生人员270万,高中级卫生人员,不论从绝对数量上,还是同人口的比例上均占世界第一位。在苏联,护士同医士、公共卫生医士、牙科医士、助产士和检验士等均属中级卫生人员,护士是在医生的指导下工作,护士长对主管的医生负责,护士长从具有三年护理工作经验的护士中选拔。根据苏联的卫生人员管理体制,医士(Felsher)虽然也属于中级卫生人员,但是,他除了在医疗机构,主要是初级保健机构可独立诊断和处理病人、处理急救和小外科、穿刺、给药、输血、静脉和肌肉注射、检验血
The Soviet Union was one of the countries with the most widespread health care in the world. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union established a series of ordinances to improve urban and rural medical services, and gradually established a free medical care service for the entire people in cities and rural areas. network. In order to adapt to this new need, not only a large number of well-trained senior health personnel must be trained nationwide, but also a large number of auxiliary health personnel including nurses. According to reports, there were a total of 900,000 high-level health personnel, 2.7 million middle-level health personnel, and high- and mid-level health personnel in the entire Soviet Union in 1980, and they both accounted for the first place in the world, both in absolute numbers and in proportion to the population. In the Soviet Union, nurses, healers, public health healers, dental healers, midwives, and inspectors are all mid-level health personnel. Nurses work under the guidance of doctors. Head nurses are responsible for the responsible doctors. Head nurses have three years of nursing work. Selected by experienced nurses. According to the Soviet health personnel management system, although Felsher is also a middle-level health worker, he is mainly able to independently diagnose and treat patients, handle first aid and minor surgery, puncture, administration, and Blood transfusion, intravenous and intramuscular injection, test blood