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长江流域棉区常见的烂铃病菌有:炭疽病菌(Glomerella gossppii)、角斑病菌(Xanthomonas malvacearum)、花腐病菌(Choanephora cucurbitarum)、黑果病菌(Diplodia gossypina)、印度炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum indicum)、面包霉菌(Rhizopus nigricans)、红粉病菌(Cephalothecium roseum)、红腐病菌(Fusarium spp.)、疫菌(Phytophthora sp.)、轮纹斑病菌(Alternaria spp.)、褐斑病菌(Phyllosticta spp.)、青霉菌(Penicillium spp.)、黑子菌(Nigrospora sp.)、斑纹病菌(Pestalozzia sp.)、(?)腐病菌(Aspergillus spp.)、蠕子菌(Helminthos-porium cuverlaria)、黑斑病菌(Ceratostoma sp.)、汚叶病菌(Cladosporium sp.)等18种,某些年分以炭疽、角斑、红腐等为最主要。1950—51年田间观察结果表明,棉花生长期8、9二个月久雨多湿是引起炭疽病及其他烂铃发生的重要因子。田间接种试验证明:气温平均在25—30℃以及长期保湿,炭疽病菌能直接侵害棉铃。机械损伤、虫孔、角斑病等都是病菌侵害的有利条件。以生长10天的幼铃抗力最强。接近吐絮时的自然裂口,在高湿多雨时,也可成为各种菌类侵害的重要途径。适当密植,合理施用氮肥,进行整枝摘叶,使株行间通风透光,减低湿度,对减轻烂铃损失有一定的作用。
The common rotting bacteria in the cotton area of the Yangtze River are: Glomerella gossppii, Xanthomonas malvacearum, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Diplodia gossypina, Colletotrichum indicum, Rhizopus nigricans, Cephalothecium roseum, Fusarium spp., Phytophthora sp., Alternaria spp., Phyllosticta spp. Penicillium spp., Nigrospora sp., Pestalozzia sp., Aspergillus spp., Helminthos-porium cuverlaria, Ceratostoma sp.), leafworm (Cladosporium sp.) and other 18 kinds of certain years to anthrax, Kok, red rot is the most important. 1950-51 field observations showed that the cotton growing period of 8,9 two months of wet and humid weather is causing anthrax and other bad bell important factor. Field vaccination test shows that: the average temperature in 25-30 ℃ and long-term moisture, anthrax bacteria can directly infringe cotton bolls. Mechanical damage, wormhole, angular leaf spot disease are favorable conditions for bacteria. To grow 10 days of the bell resistance of the strongest. Close to the natural break when floc open, wet and rainy, can also be an important way for all kinds of fungi. Properly close planting, rational use of nitrogen fertilizer, pruning leaves, so that the lines between the plant air and light, reduce humidity, to reduce the loss of lute has a certain role.