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[目的]了解两种性质企业粉尘控制措施现状,为探讨尘肺病预防控制对策,控制尘肺病的发生发展提供依据。[方法]根据企业性质不同在全国范围内选取2个企业作为研究对象并收集所需数据,其中煤矿企业为山西太原杜儿坪煤矿称为A矿,非煤企业为河北金厂峪金矿称为B矿。定量资料用EpiData3.0建立数据库,以SAS统计软件包进行统计学处理。[结果]工人自身防护意识差,防护用品使用率低,A矿工人使用防护用品的人数79人占76.7%,B矿29人占58.86%。两企业粉尘控制措施总体情况A矿优于B矿。企业对职工的健康教育工作开展不利,A矿有74.76%,B矿有58.82%的工人表示企业经常给他们讲解关于粉尘危害及预防的知识。防尘设施陈旧,专业人员业务水平有待提高。[结论]两种性质企业粉尘管理工作均不完善,在粉尘管理方面仍需改进。针对粉尘管理方面存在的问题提出了相关建议,为国家修订粉尘危害管理政策提供参考依据。
[Objective] To understand the status quo of dust control measures in two kinds of enterprises and provide the basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis and the control of the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis. [Method] According to the nature of enterprises, 2 enterprises were selected as the research object and the required data were collected across the country. The coal mine was called Du’erping Coal Mine in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and the non-coal enterprise was called Jinchangyu Gold Mine in Hebei Province For the B mine. Quantitative data using EpiData3.0 database, SAS statistical package for statistical analysis. [Results] The worker’s awareness of self-protection was poor, and the use of protective articles was low. 79 workers in A miners accounted for 76.7%, while 29 workers in B mine accounted for 58.86%. The overall situation of two enterprises dust control measures A mine is superior to B mine. Enterprises carried out unfavorable health education for employees, with 74.76% of mine A and 58.82% of workers in mine B said that enterprises often give them an account of their knowledge of the hazards and prevention of dust. Dust-proof facilities are outdated, professional level needs to be improved. [Conclusion] The two types of enterprise dust management work are not perfect, still need to be improved in dust management. Relevant suggestions are put forward for the problems existing in the dust management and provide reference for the country to amend the dust hazard management policy.