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为使黄土退耕坡地植被快速恢复,减少水土流失,根据不同植物的生性特点,结合坡地不同的工程治理措施,研究提出了以草为主,草、树间作的治理模式,解决了退耕坡地当年裸露地表水土流失严重的问题。指出对于15°~20°的坡地,以大台田+律艹草+经济林治理模式最好,当年植被盖度可达47.2%,4年后可达75.9%,土壤侵蚀量较对照下降34.30%;对于20°~25°坡地,以隔坡梯田+律艹草+乔木生态林的治理模式最好,当年植被盖度可达33.9%,4年后达49.4%,土壤侵蚀量比对照下降67.04%;对于25°以上坡地宜采用大鱼鳞坑+冰草+灌木组合治理模式,当年植被盖度可达28.7%,4年后达36.3%,土壤侵蚀量比对照下降68.17%。三种模式均能有效地减轻雨滴对疏松表土的溅蚀,提高了土壤含水率和植被覆盖度,利于形成林草和谐共生的稳定群落。
In order to make the vegetation of the reclaimed sloping land in the loess plateau recover quickly and reduce the soil and water loss, according to different characteristics of different plants and different engineering measures in the sloping land, we put forward the management mode of grass-dominated, grass and tree intercropping. Surface water and soil erosion serious problem. It is pointed out that for the slope of 15 ° ~ 20 °, the best treatment model is Dadaotian + Tamarix ramosissima + economic forest with the vegetation cover up to 47.2% at that time, up to 75.9% after 4 years and the soil erosion decreased by 34.30% For slope of 20 ° ~ 25 °, the treatment pattern of terraced terraced fields + lawn grass + arbor ecological forest was the best, with the coverage of vegetation up to 33.9% and 49.4% after 4 years, and the soil erosion decreased by 67.04 %. For the slope above 25 °, the combination of big scale pit + grass + shrubs should be adopted. The vegetation coverage reached 28.7% in that year, 36.3% after 4 years, and the soil erosion decreased by 68.17% compared with the control. All three modes can effectively reduce the splashing of loose surface soil by raindrops, improve the soil moisture content and vegetation coverage, and help to form a stable community with harmonious coexistence of forest and grass.