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“做还是买”的难题在信息系统领域已经被广泛地分析过了。这类文献的汗牛充栋主要是因为“信息系统职能”是企业中首先被外部化的职能之一。从传统意义上来看,导致企业外部化一些非核心业务的动机纯粹是为了提高效率。但是,20世纪90年代却见证了企业重要职能外部化的开端,而这些职能中有的一直被认为是核心业务。这样一来就提升了对组织间依存性管理的重视,强调了外包已被视作一种组织架构工程手段的事实,并引导企业去建立新的组织设计标准。实际上,做“做还是买”决策越来越需要组织结构变量根据流程来安排而不是根据职能来安排,以便明确地促进组织间依存性的管理,使得外部化决策更加透明且客观可测。本文所研究的课题旨在理解某种形式的电子商务,比如电子采购,在多大程度上能够被归类为一种特殊形式的外包。在这里,“外包”的含义是一种介于“层级制”和“市场制”之间的混合组织形式。我们采用交易成本理论(Transaction Cost Theory,TCT)从理论视角对“外包”进行分类,以案例分析作为研究手段。本文将关注某个流程,即采购。这一流程中的活动会涉及外部化过程。文中分析了一个关于整体宏观层面采购流程的外包案例。文章结论强调了这一研究领域的发展趋势。该趋势从表观上看会使这一领域产生重大的变革,有诸多变数,受到多重因素影响,而这些因素又往往不可辨识与测量。采购外部化在实践中已经有广泛的应用,但是从理论上来看还不甚完善。本文的目的就是要对该应用课题研究的正规化做出贡献。
The problem of “doing or buying” has been extensively analyzed in the field of information systems. This type of literature is largely due to the fact that the “information system function” is one of the first functions that have been externally implemented in an enterprise. Traditionally, the motivation behind the externalization of some non-core businesses is purely for efficiency. However, the 1990s saw the beginning of the externalization of key functions of enterprises, some of which were considered as core businesses. This increases the emphasis on inter-organizational dependency management, underscores the fact that outsourcing has been seen as an organizational engineering tool, and guides companies to establish new organizational design standards. In fact, making “buy or buy” decisions increasingly requires that organizational structure variables be arranged on a process rather than function-by-function basis in order to explicitly promote the management of inter-organizational dependencies and make externalized decisions more transparent and objective Measurement. The subject of this paper is to understand the extent to which some form of e-commerce, such as e-procurement, can be classified as a special form of outsourcing. Here, “outsourcing” means a hybrid form of organization between “hierarchy” and “market system.” We use Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) to classify “outsourcing ” from the theoretical perspective and use case studies as a research tool. This article will focus on a process, that is, procurement. Activities in this process can involve externalization. This paper analyzes a case of outsourcing on the overall macro level of the procurement process. The conclusion of the article emphasizes the development trend of this research field. This trend, apparently, leads to major changes in this area, with many variables that are affected by multiple factors that are often not identifiable and measured. Purchasing externalization has been widely used in practice, but not perfect in theory. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the formalization of the research on this application.