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目的探讨心理门诊来访者抑郁焦虑症状与人格特征的关系,为其心理健康指导及干预提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,选取中国人民解放军第三○三医院心理门诊进行心理测试的634名来访者,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对其进行问卷调查。结果被试抑郁症状发生率为16.9%,焦虑症状发生率为6.3%,抑郁与焦虑症状共病发生率为48.1%;4组(抑郁组、焦虑组、抑郁焦虑共病组和无症状组)被试的抑郁、焦虑症状发生率在文化程度构成比上差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.407,P<0.05);4组的EPQ内外向(E)、神经质(N)、精神质(P)和掩饰性(L)因子得分差异均有统计学意义(Welch=28.072、111.706、33.266、13.463,均P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析,神经质(N)得分与抑郁、焦虑和共病发生的OR值均>1(OR=1.060、1.106、1.150,均P<0.05),是罹患抑郁、焦虑和共病的危险因子;精神质(P)得分与抑郁、共病发生的OR值均>1(OR=1.041、1.082,均P<0.05),内外向(E)得分与抑郁、共病发生的OR值<1(OR=0.936、0.942,均P<0.05),精神质是罹患抑郁和共病的危险因子,内外向则为保护因子。结论来访者情绪与其人格特征之间有密切关系,培养良好的人格有助于提高其心理健康水平。
Objective To explore the relationship between depression and anxiety symptoms and personality traits in psychiatric clinic visitors and provide evidences for their psychological health guidance and intervention. Methods Using the method of convenience sampling, we selected 634 interviewees who were psychologically tested in Psychological Outpatient Department of the 303 Hospital of People ’s Liberation Army. SDS, SAS and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) to conduct a survey of them. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 16.9%, the incidence of anxiety symptoms was 6.3%, and the incidence of comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms was 48.1%. In the 4 groups (depression, anxiety, depression and anxiety comorbidity and asymptomatic) The incidence of depression and anxiety in the subjects was significantly different from that in the educational level (χ ~ 2 = 13.407, P <0.05). There was significant difference in EPQ (E), neuroticism (N) (P <0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis, neuroticism (N) score and depression, anxiety and total (P <0.01) OR (OR = 1.060,1.106,1.150, all P <0.05) were risk factors of depression, anxiety and comorbidity. The OR of mental status (P) score and depression and comorbidity (OR = 1.041, 1.082, both P <0.05). The OR value of extrinsic (E) score and depression and co-morbidity was less than 1 (OR = 0.936,0.942, all P <0.05) Depression and comorbidity risk factors, extroversion as a protective factor. Conclusion There is a close relationship between the emotion of the visitors and their personality traits, and the cultivation of good personality helps to improve their mental health.