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德国私人合作建房项目始于20世纪90年代,源于社会人口结构的变化和东、西德统一后城市中出现的军事及工业空地。它是指一定数量的个人联合起来,在专业技术力量的帮助下,规划并建造符合自我需求的住宅。私人合作建房按组织形式可分为投资者模式、合作社模式和共同体模式3种。本文介绍的慕尼黑“齐壮大”项目采用的是共同体模式,个人拥有自住住宅单元的完全财产权,同时根据共同体协议,对共同体住宅中的公共空间也拥有一定份额的财产所有权。
The German private cooperative housing project began in the 1990s with changes in social demography and military and industrial vacancies in the cities after the reunification of East and West Germany. It refers to a certain number of individuals together, with the help of professional and technical strength, planning and construction of self-demand housing. Private cooperative housing construction can be divided into three types: investor mode, cooperative mode and community mode. The Munich-based project described in this paper is based on a community model in which individuals have full ownership of the home-ownership units and, at the same time, have a share of the property ownership of the public spaces in the community residences under the Community Agreement.