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选用日本、韩国、中国的粳稻品种 30个, 将 1990年及以前育成的品种称为老品种, 1991年及以后的品种称为新品种。比较新老品种株型性状的变化及其对产量的效应。结果表明: (1) 新品种比老品种株高低, 穗角小, 单株有效穗数少, 每穗总粒数多, 着粒密度大; 新品种比老品种倒 2叶基角大, 倒 3叶基角和张角小, 倒 3叶叶长短。 (2) 新老品种的 10穴产量, 穗总粒数, 穗角及着粒密度差异极显著, 新老品种剑叶、倒 2叶和倒 3叶的叶宽差异极显著。 (3) 根据通径系数, 老品种中穗总粒数、单株有效穗数对产量的直接作用较大; 新品种中经济系数、穗总粒数对产量的直接效应较大。新老品种中着粒密度对产量的间接效应总和都为最大。新老品种的倒 2叶宽对产量的直接效应较大。老品种的剑叶宽和剑叶基角对产量的间接效应总和较大; 新品种的倒 3叶宽和倒 3叶基角对产量的间接效应总和较大。
Thirty japonica rice varieties from Japan, Korea and China were selected. The varieties bred in 1990 and before are called old varieties, and the varieties from 1991 and onwards are called new varieties. The changes of plant type traits and the effects on yield of old and new varieties were compared. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the old varieties, the new varieties had higher height and lower height, fewer spikes, fewer effective spikes per plant, more total grains per spike and larger grain density. 3 leaf base angle and angle is small, down 3 leaf length. (2) There were significant differences among the ten varieties of new and old cultivars, the total grain number, the tassel angle and the grain density of new and old varieties. The leaf width differences of new and old varieties of flag leaf, inverted leaf and inverted leaf were extremely significant. (3) According to the path coefficient, the direct effect of the total grain number per spike and the effective spike number per plant on the yield of the old variety is larger. The direct effect of the economic coefficient and the total spike grain number of the new variety on the yield is larger. The sum of the indirect effects of grain densities on the yield of new and old varieties is the largest. Old and new varieties of 2 leaf width of the output of the larger direct effect. The sum of the indirect effects of the flag leaf width and the flag leaf angle on the yield of the old cultivars was large. The indirect effects of the 3 leaf widths at the bottom and 3 leaves at the bottom of the new varieties on the yield were larger.