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目的分析开封市2010年麻疹疫苗(MV)强化免疫(SIA)前后麻疹流行年流行病学特征,探讨消除麻疹最佳防控措施。方法用描述流行病学方法对开封市麻疹流行年发病资料进行分析。结果开封市在2010年9月开展MV SIA前、后的2008年、2013年均为麻疹流行年,年报告发病率分别为17.40/10万、2.08/10万,SIA后2013年发病率较2008年下降了85.75%;除45~49岁外,其他各年龄组发病率均有大幅下降,SIA覆盖人群4~17岁无病例发生;两个流行年发病率均以<1岁儿童最高,分别为410.73/10万、125.32/10万,20~30岁人群为发病的另一个小高峰。病例中有MV免疫史者前后分别占31.04%、25.64%;发病前7~21d有就诊史者前后分别为7.78%、66.67%。结论开封市2010年MV SIA后麻疹发病率大幅下降,有效压低了流行年高峰。提高人群MV免疫覆盖率是控制麻疹流行的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles epidemic year before and after measles immunization (SIA) in 2010 in Kaifeng City and to explore the best prevention and control measures to eliminate measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of measles epidemics in Kaifeng. Results In Kaifeng City, MV SIA was launched in September 2010 and again in 2008 and 2013 respectively. The annual incidence of measles was 17.40 / 100000 and 2.08 / 100000 respectively. The incidence of SLE after 2013 was more than that of 2008 Annual decline of 85.75%; except for 45 to 49 years old, the incidence of other age groups have dropped significantly, SIA coverage of the population 4 to 17 years without disease; the prevalence of both epidemic were <1 year old children, respectively 410.73 / 100000, 125.32 / 100000, 20 to 30-year-old crowd is another small peak incidence. Before and after the case of MV immune history accounted for 31.04%, 25.64%; before the onset of 7 ~ 21d before visiting history were 7.78%, 66.67% respectively. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Kaifeng dropped significantly after 2010 MV SIA, effectively reducing the peak of epidemic year. Increasing population MV immunization coverage is an effective measure to control the spread of measles.