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【目的】红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是世界最危险的有害入侵生物之一,2004年入侵我国华南地区,并给农林业安全、生态安全带来极大危害。调查并明确田间红火蚁觅食工蚁的食物种类及数量,不仅为评估红火蚁猎食对生态环境中节肢动物群落的影响,而且为红火蚁防治饵剂的改进提供科学依据。【方法】本研究采用蚁道剖析法,对华南地区桑园和荒地两种生境中红火蚁觅食工蚁搬运的固体残片取样和鉴定;依搬运工蚁及其固体残片尺寸进行测量分级并称重,以分析工蚁多态性与固体食物大小的关系;采用薄层色谱法和氨基酸分析法测定嗉囊液体样品的营养成分及含量。【结果】在华南地区桑园和荒地中,红火蚁觅食工蚁搬运回巢的固体食物包括固体的动物残片和植物种子,其中动物残片属于3门7纲21个类群(包括14个昆虫目),昆虫纲动物所占比例为总固体食物的45.53%~46.10%。工蚁偏好搬运长1.400±0.043 mm~2.306±0.063 mm和宽0.723±0.028 mm~1.261±0.051 mm的固体残片,其重量在0.203~0.413 mg之间。红火蚁觅食工蚁嗉囊液体由多种氨基酸、果糖和葡萄糖组成,在桑园和荒地采集到的红火蚁嗉囊液体样本中的氨基酸总含量分别为1 544.31 mg/L和861.48 mg/L,氨基酸种类分别为33种和32种,其中31种氨基酸为共有的。【结论】华南地区桑园和荒地中,红火蚁固体食物组成均以昆虫纲动物为主;参与固体残片搬运觅食蚁的80%属于中型工蚁,搬运较大型固体残片的大型工蚁仅占5%;红火蚁工蚁嗉囊液体含有丰富的氨基酸和单糖。
【Aim】 Solenopsis invicta Buren is one of the most dangerous and harmful invaders in the world and invaded South China in 2004 and brought great harm to the safety of agriculture and forestry and ecological security. It is not only to assess the influence of hunting termites on arthropod community in ecological environment, but also to provide scientific basis for the improvement of the protective and beneficial bait agent. 【Method】 In this study, the solid fragments were collected and identified from the forage worker ants in the mulberry fields and the wasteland in South China by using the ant colony analysis method. According to the size of the migrant worker ants and their solid fragments, To analyze the relationship between workers ants polymorphism and solid food size; thin layer chromatography and amino acid analysis of the taphstic fluid liquid sample nutrient content and content. 【Result】 The results showed that in the mulberry fields and wasteland in South China, the solid food returned to the nest by solid worker ants contained solid animal fragments and plant seeds. Among them, the animal fragments belonged to 21 groups of 7 classes (including 14 insects) Insecta species accounted for 45.53% ~ 46.10% of total solid food. Worker ants prefer to carry solid fragments 1.400 ± 0.043 mm ~ 2.306 ± 0.063 mm in width and 0.723 ± 0.028 mm ~ 1.261 ± 0.051 mm in width with a weight of 0.203-0.413 mg. The red ants foraging workers ant collation fluid consists of a variety of amino acids, fructose and glucose composition, in the mulberry fields and wasteland collected red imported fire ant colostrum liquid samples of total amino acids were 1 544.31 mg / L and 861.48 mg / L, There are 33 kinds of amino acids and 32 kinds of amino acids, of which 31 kinds of amino acids are common. 【Conclusion】 Among the mulberry fields and barren land in South China, the solid food composition of the Solenopsis invictanti is mainly insects; 80% of the solid food residues involved in the handling of solid debris belong to the medium-sized worker ants, while the large-scale workers carrying larger solid fragments account for only 5% ; Red ants worker ants capsule liquid is rich in amino acids and monosaccharides.