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目的了解衡阳市职业外环境禽流感病毒的分布情况,掌握职业暴露人群禽流感病毒感染状况及其流行病学规律。方法2010~2016年采集衡阳市职业暴露人群血清标本742份,应用红细胞血凝抑制试验法(H1)检测H5N1亚型流感病毒抗体。采集衡阳市家禽养殖地和农贸市场环境样本2 008份,采用荧光定量-PCR技术检测禽流感病毒(AIV)及分型。结果 2010~2016年共检测职业暴露人群血清标本742份,H5N1抗体检测阳性23份,阳性检出率3.10%,不同职业暴露人群血清检测阳性率总体差异无有统计学意义(c2=1.84,P>0.05)。2010~2016年检测外环境标本样2 008份,检出A型病毒阳性464份,阳性率23.11%,检出最多的为A型H9亚型流感病毒,占检出的病毒株53.66%(249/464)。2016年外环境标本阳性检出率为38.36%(145/378),高于其他年份,差异有统计学意义(c2=105.6,P<0.05)。第三季度外环境标本阳性检出率6.21%(18/290),明显低于其他季度,差异有统计学意义(c2=56.31,P<0.05)。禽类清洗污水44.64%(175/392),高于其他标本来源,差异有统计学意义(c2=166.57,P<0.05)。雁峰区外环境标本阳性检出率为35.32%(148/419),高于其他监测点,差异有统计学意义(c2=64.32,P<0.05)。结论我市禽类外环境中存在禽流感病毒(AIV)并具有年度冬春季流行趋势,职业暴露人群中存在隐性感染者,应加强重点场所监测和宣传教育。
Objective To understand the distribution of occupationally isolated avian influenza virus in Hengyang and to understand the prevalence of avian influenza virus in the occupationally exposed population and its epidemiological rules. Methods A total of 742 serum samples from occupationally exposed people in Hengyang City were collected from 2010 to 2016. Antibodies against H5N1 subtype influenza virus were detected by hemagglutination inhibition test (H1). A total of 2 008 environmental samples were collected from Hengyang Poultry Farm and Farmers Market. Flu virus-quantitative PCR was used to detect avian influenza virus (AIV) and its typing. Results A total of 742 serological samples were detected in the occupationally exposed population from 2010 to 2016. 23 positive H5N1 antibodies were detected and the positive detection rate was 3.10%. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of serological detection among different occupational exposure groups (c2 = 1.84, P > 0.05). A total of 2 008 specimens were collected from 2010 to 2016, of which 464 were positive for type A virus. The positive rate was 23.11%. Most of the samples were type A H9 subtype influenza viruses, accounting for 53.66% (249 / 464). The positive detection rate of external environmental samples in 2016 was 38.36% (145/378), higher than other years, the difference was statistically significant (c2 = 105.6, P <0.05). The positive detection rate of external environment specimens in the third quarter was 6.21% (18/290), which was significantly lower than that of other quarters (c2 = 56.31, P <0.05). The sewage of poultry cleaning was 44.64% (175/392), which was higher than other samples, the difference was statistically significant (c2 = 166.57, P <0.05). The positive detection rate of environmental samples outside Yanfeng District was 35.32% (148/419), which was higher than other monitoring sites (c2 = 64.32, P <0.05). Conclusion There is avian influenza virus (AIV) in the outer environment of poultry in our city and has an annual winter and spring epidemic trend. There is a latent infection in the occupational exposure population, and the monitoring and publicity and education of key places should be strengthened.