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目的 调查分析2015年云南省中缅边境的镇康县一起甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)暴发疫情流行特征和原因,提出针对性预防控制措施.方法 采用现场流行病调查、病例对照设计等方法收集甲肝发病和相关影响因素数据,进行流行病学分析.结果 2015年4月4日至9月15日镇康县报告本地和缅甸籍甲肝病例75例,发病率为83.65/10万.2个自然村寨和1所村小学发病呈聚集性.入境缅甸边民较多的南伞镇本地感染病例的发病率显著高于其他乡镇(x2=36.65,P=0.000).本地感染病例中0-9岁儿童发病构成(13.16％)显著低于缅甸感染病例中同年龄儿童的发病构成(45.16％)(x2=8.76,P=0.003).本地感染病例以学生为主(50.00％),缅甸感染病例以散居儿童为主(45.16％).本次暴发可能与食物污染有关,并存在人-人传播模式.结论 中缅边境县甲肝发病从缅甸传人传播的风险较大,加强甲肝疫苗接种、及时发现和处置聚集性疫情是控制甲肝暴发的有效手段.“,”Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics and transmission risk factors in a hepatitis A outbreak in Zhenkang county,near the Myanmar-China border of Yunnan province in 2015,and to provide evidence for control and prevent measures.Methods A field epidemiological survey and a case-control study were used to collect and analyze data on hepatitis A incidence and relevant risk factors.Results A total of 75 hepatitis A cases,including local and Burmese cases,were reported in Zhengkang from 4 April to 15 September,2015,for an incidence rate of 83.65 per 100 000 population.Cases in two villages and a rural primary school were seen to have clustering.The incidence rate of local cases in Nansan township,which had a substantial population from Myanmar,was higher than in other townships (x2 =36.65,P =0.000).Children aged 0-9 years accounted for 13.16％ in local cases and 45.16％ in Burmese cases (x2 =8.76,P =0.003).Most (50.00％) of local cases were pupils,and most (45.16％) of Burmese cases were among scattered-living children.This outbreak could be related to food and/or to person to person transmission.Conclusions There is a high risk of importation and transmission of hepatitis A near the Myanmar-China border.Vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine and timely monitoring and rapid response of hepatitis A clusters are effective measures to control outbreaks.