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著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾指出:中国的教育传统在于理论上的逻辑推导,美国的教育方式侧重于实际能力的培养,这既指出了我国教育的长处,也指出了它的不足之处。为此,我们应当加强和改革实验教学的内容、方法,引导学生在实验过程中认真思考,积极动手,勇于探索,其根本目的在于适应经济建设的需要,造就有竞争力的人才。近年来,我们在计算机上机操作实验中,采用超前型实验法,收到了很好的效果。 一、何谓超前型实验法 纵观我国各高校实验教学的情况,所采用的实验模式大都是演示型、验证型、设计型,虽互有特色,发挥着不同的作用,但主要是验证理论和理论的应用;而对引导学生积极思维,培养学生实际动手能力和创造能力是很不够的。为此,我们借鉴美国“结构”学派的布鲁诺曾提出的“教学过程应该是学生自己发现知识的过程”这一科学论断,提出超前型实验法,即:在整个教学过程中,实验环节有目的、有计划地超前于理论教学环节。具体来说,就是在安排每一次实验条件,设计实验的方法、步骤,给出运算结果的同时,使其包含一
Professor Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, once pointed out: China’s educational tradition lies in the theoretical logical deduction. The education mode of the United States focuses on the cultivation of practical ability, which not only points out the strengths of our education but also points out its inadequacies. To this end, we should strengthen and reform the contents and methods of experimental teaching so as to guide students to think hard, actively and courageously in their experiments. The fundamental purpose of this course is to meet the needs of economic construction and create competitive talents. In recent years, we have used the advanced experimental method in computer operation experiments and received very good results. First, what is advanced type of experimental method Looking at the situation of experimental teaching in various colleges and universities in our country, most of the experimental modes adopted are demonstration type, verification type and design type. Although they have different characteristics and play different roles, they are mainly verification theory and The application of theory; and it is not enough to guide students ’positive thinking and students’ practical ability and creativity. For this reason, we draw a conclusion from Bruno’s “structural” school that “teaching process should be the process of discovering knowledge by students themselves” put forward by advanced structure test method, that is: in the whole teaching process, the purpose of the experiment , In a planned way ahead of the theoretical teaching. Specifically, it is in the arrangements for each experimental conditions, the design of experimental methods and steps, given the results of the operation at the same time, so that it contains a