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羊水胎粪污染是造成新生儿胎粪吸入综合征、甚至死亡的重要危险因素之一，是新生儿复苏过程中需要紧急处理的重要环节。在对羊水胎粪污染新生儿的复苏管理中，最新国际复苏指南推荐对无活力新生儿不进行常规气管插管后气道内胎粪吸引，但是这一推荐缺乏高级别循证医学证据支持，故仍然存在一定争议。因此，本文将对近年相关研究进行综述，旨在明确气道内胎粪吸引对无活力羊水胎粪污染新生儿的利弊。“,”Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is one of the main risk factors for neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome, and can even cause death, which is a dangerous emergency to handle during neonatal resuscitation. Routine intubation and endotracheal suction are not recommended for non-vigorous newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid in the latest international neonatal resuscitation guideline. But it is controversial due to lacking high-level evidence. We review the recent evidence for the rationale for endotracheal suction in non-vigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid.