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目的调查1起流行性腮腺炎(简称流腮)暴发疫情流行特征和含腮疫苗对流行性腮腺炎的保护效果。方法按流腮诊断标准搜索病例进行疫情描述;收集儿童预防接种信息,利用疫苗保护效率即疫苗效能(VE),公式VE(%)=(未接种组发病率-接种组发病率)/未接种组发病率×100%=(1-RR)×100%计算疫苗保护效力。结果共搜索到126例病例,人群罹患率为11.42%(126/1 103)。全校22个班级中16个班有病例,未接种儿童罹患率为27.47%(64/233),接种儿童罹患率为10.78%(56/519),VE为61%。接种1剂次疫苗保护效力随接种时间间隔延长呈降低趋势。结论含腮疫苗接种是流腮的保护因素,疫苗保护效力随接种间隔时间延长呈降低趋势,建议在现有1剂次含腮疫苗接种的基础上,3年后再增加1剂次。
Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of an epidemic outbreak of mumps (Mumps) and the protective effect of mumps vaccine against mumps. Methods The epidemic situation was searched according to the diagnostic criteria of gondola and the vaccination information of children was collected. The vaccine efficacy (VE), the formula VE (%) = (the rate of unvaccinated group - the incidence of vaccinated group) / unvaccinated Group incidence rate × 100% = (1-RR) × 100% To calculate the effectiveness of vaccine protection. Results A total of 126 cases were searched, and the population attack rate was 11.42% (126/1 103). There were 16 cases of classes in 22 classes in the whole school. The incidence of unvaccinated children was 27.47% (64/233). The incidence of vaccinated children was 10.78% (56/519) and VE was 61%. Vaccination with 1 dose vaccine efficacy decreased with the extension of vaccination interval. Conclusions Mumps vaccination is the protective factor of mumps. The efficacy of vaccine protection decreases with the prolongation of vaccination interval. It is suggested that one dose of mumps vaccine should be added one year after the existing dose of mumps vaccination.