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目的探讨广州市2009年~2012年的病残儿疾病种类、病种构成情况,为降低再生育二胎出生缺陷发生率提供理论依据。方法对广州市2009~2012年1655例申请鉴定的病残儿资料进行整理分析。结果本次鉴定1655例病残儿中,疾病发生系统主要集中在神经系统、眼耳鼻疾病、心血管系统、血液系统等,前10位多发病残为精神发育迟滞、孤独症、先天性心脏病、脑瘫、感音神经性耳聋、癫痫、白血病、地中海贫血、21三体综合征、肾病综合征。遗传性疾病668例,占病残儿鉴定总数40.37%;非遗传性疾病997例,占病残儿鉴定总数59.63%。其中非遗传疾病前五位依次为神经系统疾病、血液系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、眼耳鼻疾病、运动系统疾病;遗传疾病前五位依次为神经系统疾病、心血管系统疾病、眼耳鼻疾病、其他系统疾病、运动系统疾病。结论儿童残疾涉及病种多,病因复杂,应根据引起病残疾病的发病原因,寻找针对性宣传教育方式,为再生育夫妇提供优生指导,并大力开展优生遗传检测和出生缺陷干预。
Objective To investigate the types of diseases and diseases in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2012, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of birth defects in second-birth children. Methods The data of 1655 disabled children who were appraised from 2009 to 2012 in Guangzhou were analyzed. Results Of the 1655 disabled children identified in this study, the prevalence of diseases mainly concentrated in the nervous system, ocular ear and nose diseases, cardiovascular system and blood system. The top 10 frequently-occurring diseases were mental retardation, autism, congenital heart disease , Cerebral palsy, sensorineural deafness, epilepsy, leukemia, thalassemia, trisomy 21, nephrotic syndrome. 668 cases of genetic diseases, accounting for 40.37% of the total number of disabled children; 997 cases of non-genetic diseases, accounting for 59.63% of the total number of disabled children. Among them, the top five non-genetic diseases were neurological diseases, hematological diseases, genitourinary diseases, ocular ear-nose diseases and sports-related diseases. The top five genetic diseases were neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, ocular ear-nose diseases, Other systemic diseases, sports system diseases. Conclusion There are many diseases and complex causes in children with disability. According to the causes of disability diseases, we should find out the specific methods of publicity and education, provide the guidance of eugenics for the couples with reproduction and vigorously carry out the genetic testing of prenatal health and the intervention of birth defects.