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为满足临床治疗需要,肺炎的诊断不能仅限于X线上的解剖和形态诊断,大叶性与小叶性肺炎的区分已无实际意义,而以确立病原诊断最为重要。在细菌性肺炎,通常的咳痰标本,由于受上呼吸道寄殖菌的污染,涂片和培养结果大多不能代表下呼吸道感染的真正病原菌。据研究,上呼吸道粘膜表面及其分泌物含细菌多达21属、200种以上,唾液含菌量为10~(8～9)/ml。痰取样即使非常仔细,100份脓痰混有1份唾液,污染菌其浓度降至10~(6～7)/ml者,仍足以在涂片上大量显现,在培养基上旺盛生长,给结果判断造成困
In order to meet the needs of clinical treatment, the diagnosis of pneumonia can not be limited to the anatomical and morphological diagnosis of X-ray, the distinction between lobar and lobular pneumonia has no practical significance, and to establish the most important pathogenic diagnosis. In bacterial pneumonia, usually sputum specimens, due to contamination by the upper respiratory tract colonizing bacteria, smear and culture results mostly can not represent the true pathogen of lower respiratory tract infection. According to the study, the upper respiratory tract mucosal surface and its secretions containing bacteria up to 21 genera, more than 200 kinds of bacteria, saliva bacteria 10 ~ (8 ~ 9) / ml. Sputum sampling even very carefully, 100 copies of sputum mixed with a saliva, the concentration of contaminated bacteria reduced to 10 ~ (6 ~ 7) / ml who is still large enough to appear in the smear, the strong growth on the medium to Judgment caused by the result of sleepy