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目的通过调查核电站周围居民对核能的认知和态度,探讨影响公众对核电站认知和态度的因素。方法按居住地距秦山核电站核岛的不同距离分6层,选取海盐县、海宁市常住居民男性759人和女性780人作为调查对象进行问卷调查。结果调查对象中,支持当地建核电站的占21.9%,认可核电站是安全的占42.3%,认为我国对核辐射知识宣传不充分的占93.3%;男性、受教育程度较低,认为核电站对周围环境的影响小、认为中央政府和当地政府处理突发事件的能力强和认为核电站对家庭影响小的居民更倾向于支持核电站建设;男性、受教育程度较高、认为核电站对周围居民健康和环境的影响小、认为当地政府处理突发事件的能力强、认为建设核电站对家庭影响小和家庭经济状况好的居民更倾向于认可核电站安全性。结论性别、教育程度、核电站对周围环境和家庭的影响、当地政府处理突发事件的能力是影响公众对核电站认知和态度的主要因素;目前居民对核辐射危险认知度不高,应有针对性地对目标人群开展核辐射知识的健康教育与健康促进。
Objective To investigate the factors influencing the public’s cognition and attitude toward nuclear power plants by investigating the residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards nuclear energy around nuclear power plants. Methods According to the distance of residence to the nuclear island of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station in 6 layers, 759 male and 780 female residents in Haiyan County and Haining City were selected as the survey subjects. Among the surveyed respondents, 21.9% of the respondents supported the local construction of nuclear power stations, 42.3% of those that approved the safety of nuclear power stations, and 93.3% of the respondents believe that our knowledge of nuclear radiation is inadequate. Men, who have a low level of education, The influence of the central government and the local government is strong and the residents who think that the nuclear power station has a small impact on the family are more inclined to support the construction of the nuclear power station. The male, highly educated, thinks that the nuclear power station is good for the health and environment of the surrounding residents The influence is small, that the local government has the ability to deal with unexpected incidents, that the construction of nuclear power plants have a small impact on the family and the family economy is better, residents tend to approve the safety of nuclear power plants. Conclusions Gender, level of education, the impact of nuclear power plants on the environment and the family environment, and the ability of local governments to deal with emergencies are the main factors that affect the public’s perceptions and attitudes toward nuclear power plants. At present, residents have a low awareness of nuclear radiation risks and should have Targeted health education and health promotion of nuclear radiation knowledge to target population.