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随着16S rRNA测序技术及宏基因组学的发展，研究证实子宫腔内有微生物菌群的定植。以乳酸杆菌为子宫内膜主导微生物群的患者行辅助生殖技术助孕后的种植率、临床妊娠率较高，妊娠结局较好。子宫内膜微生物在胚胎着床、妊娠维持中的作用机制尚不清楚。目前认为可能机制为其参与子宫内膜免疫调节、直接与子宫内膜相互作用调节炎症因子表达，进而影响子宫内膜蜕膜化过程及胚胎种植；子宫内膜共生微生物竞争抑制保持稳态。本文就宫腔微生物来源、组成成分、对辅助生殖技术妊娠结局的影响及其影响机制等方面的研究进展进行综述，旨在为今后研究子宫内膜微生物对胚胎种植中的作用提供新的思路。“,”With the development of 16S rRNA sequencing technology and metagenomics, the colonization of microbial flora in uterine cavity has been confirmed. The implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome of patients with n Lactobacillus dominated endometrial microbiome after assisted reproductive technology were higher. The mechanism of endometrial microorganisms in embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance is still unclear. At present, it is believed that the possible mechanism is involved in endometrial immune regulation and the direct interaction with endometrium to regulate the expression of inflammatory factors, thus affecting the process of endometrial decidualization, embryo implantation, and the maintenance of homeostasis by symbiotic microorganisms. This article reviews the recent studies on the sources and components of the endometrial microbiota, the influence and mechanism of endometrial microbiota on the pregnancy outcome of assisted reproductive technology, and aims to provide new ideas for future research on the role of endometrial microorganisms on embryo implantation.n