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脑红蛋白(neuroglobin,NGB)是2000年Burmester发现的神经系统特异的携氧蛋白,广泛分布于人和动物组织器官中,主要在脊椎动物脑组织高度表达。目前研究认为,NGB在脑缺血缺氧状态下对神经元保护起着重要作用,缺氧能够诱导NGB的表达,而高表达的NGB则能够保护神经元免受缺氧损伤,从而在神经系统缺氧、缺血损伤中具有重要的神经保护功能,可为脑中风、新生儿窒息等缺血缺氧性神经系统病变及帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等神经系统退行性疾病的治疗带来新的希望。NGB在肿瘤细胞缺氧微环境中的作用也开始受到关注,其在肿瘤细胞中的表达研究开始成为这一领域内的研究热点。本文就NGB的生物学结构、功能和它在神经胶质细胞瘤中分布及其在临床医学中的应用等研究进展作一综述。
Neuroglobin (NGB) is a neuronal specific oxygen-occluding protein discovered by Burmester in 2000 and widely distributed in human and animal tissues and organs. It is mainly expressed in vertebrate brain tissue. The current study suggests that NGB plays an important role in the protection of neurons in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, hypoxia can induce the expression of NGB, and high expression of NGB can protect neurons from hypoxia injury, which in the nervous system Hypoxia, ischemic injury has an important neuroprotective function, for stroke, neonatal asphyxia and other hypoxic-ischemic neurological diseases and Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological degenerative diseases treatment zone Come to new hope. The role of NGB in tumor cell hypoxia microenvironment has also begun to attract attention, and its expression in tumor cells began to become a research hotspot in this field. This article reviews the research progress of the biological structure and function of NGB and its distribution in glioma and its application in clinical medicine.