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对黄河下游“04.8”洪水的输沙特性与冲淤情况进行了分析,并与2004年各场洪水的水位流量和平均河底高程的变化情况进行了对比,结果表明:①“04.8”洪水进入下游的沙量为1.4亿t,它在黄河下游河道的总淤积量在0.06亿~0.14亿t之间,河道排沙比达91%~96%,河道输沙能力很强,对黄河下游河道淤积的影响很小;②比较“04.8”洪水和2004年前几场洪水的同流量水位,除了孙口站的同流量水位和2004年调水调沙时的第一场洪水相近外,其他水文站的同流量水位均显著低于前几次洪水的同流量水位,说明“04.8”洪水对黄河下游河道的过流能力没有产生不利影响;③“04.8”洪水沙峰附近同流量水位表现低的原因,主要是高含沙洪水期间河槽发生了剧烈冲刷;④在平均流量2 000m3/s左右,黄河下游河道对小浪底水库异重流排沙具有很高的输沙能力。
The characteristics of sediment transport and erosion and sedimentation in the “04.8” flood of the lower Yellow River are analyzed. Compared with the changes of the water level and average river bottom elevation of floods in 2004, the results show that: ① “04.8” flood enters The downstream sediment volume is 140 million tons. Its total siltation volume in the lower Yellow River reaches between 0.06 billion and 0.14 billion tons, and the discharge ratio of the river reaches 91% -96%. The capacity of sediment transport in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is very high. Siltation of the impact of small; ② Comparison of “04.8” floods and floods before the same flood level in 2004, in addition to the same flow level of Sunkou Station and flood and sediment in 2004 when the first flood of similar water, other hydrological The same water level of the stations was significantly lower than the same level of the previous floods, indicating that “04.8” floods did not adversely affect the overcurrent capacity of the lower Yellow River; ③The same flow level around the “04.8” flood peak was low The reason is mainly that the river flume has washed away violently during the period of high silt flood. (4) At the average flow rate of 2 000 m3 / s, the lower Yellow River has very high sediment transport capacity for sediment discharge of different gravity in Xiaolangdi Reservoir.