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目的探讨医学生疑病心理状况及其与人格和健康行为之间的关系。方法 2014年3-10月采用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,MMPI)中的疑病人格量表(Hs)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)和健康行为量表对重庆市两所医科大学按专业分层随机抽样抽取的医学生进行测量并进行t检验、相关分析、方差分析和回归分析。结果医学生疑病量表总体平均得分为(66.35±13.55)分。男生的疑病得分高于女生(P<0.01);大四学生的疑病得分显著大于大一、大二及大三的学生(P<0.05),而大一、大二和大三学生的得分之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);学习成绩越差疑病情况越强,学习成绩上者的疑病得分小于学习成绩下者,学习成绩中者的疑病得分小于学习成绩下者(均P<0.000 1),学习成绩上者的得分与中者的得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);人格中的精神质(P<0.000 1)、神经质(P<0.005)得分越高,疑病得分也越高;健康行为(P<0.005)的得分越高,疑病得分越低。疑病情况和人格中的精神质(r=0.252 24,P<0.000 1)和神经质(r=0.176 38,P<0.000 1)呈正相关,和人格中的外倾性(r=-0.113 09,P<0.05)呈负相关;疑病情况和健康行为的总分(r=-0.237 44,P<0.000 1)、健康实践行为(r=-0.199 30,P<0.000 1)、认知/情感行为(r=-0.219 87,P<0.000 1)均呈负相关。结论 2014年重庆市医学生疑病倾向是因为开始进入临床专业课程学习,临床经验和实践积累不够,对医学知识一知半解,对号入座而导致的。内向、敏感、多虑、胆小、情绪不稳定的人格特质容易导致疑病倾向。健康行为越少的个体疑病倾向越强。医学院校应该增强专业知识的理论联系实际,并注重医学生健康人格的塑造,减少疑病情况的发生。
Objective To investigate the psychological status of medical suspicion and its relationship with personality and health behaviors. Methods From March to October in 2014, the Hs, EQ and EPQ in Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) The two medical universities in Chongqing according to professional stratified random sampling of medical students were measured and t test, correlation analysis, analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results The overall average score of medical students’ suspicion scale was (66.35 ± 13.55) points. The odds of male students were higher than those of female students (P <0.01). The scores of suspected students of senior students were significantly higher than those of freshmen, sophomores and seniors (P <0.05), while those of freshmen, sophomores and seniors The difference between the scores did not reach statistical significance (P> 0.05). The worse the academic performance was, the stronger the suspicion was. The higher the academic scores were, the less the suspicion scores were, the lower the academic scores were. (P <0.000 1). There was no significant difference between the scores of those who achieved academic performance and the scores of the middle school students (P> 0.05). The psychoticism of personality (P <0.000 1) and neuroticism The higher the score, the higher the suspicion score. The higher the score of healthy behavior (P <0.005), the lower the suspicion score. There was a positive correlation between the predisposition and personality (r = 0.252 24, P <0.000 1) and neuroticism (r = 0.176 38, P <0.000 1), and personality dislocations (r = -0.113 09, P <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the suspicion and health behaviors (r = -0.23744, P <0.000 1), healthy practice behavior (r = -0.199 30, P <0.000 1) Behavior (r = -0.21987, P <0.000 1) were negatively correlated. Conclusion In 2014, the predisposition for medical suspicion in Chongqing was due to the fact that it began to enter clinical professional courses and gained insufficient clinical experience and practice, which resulted in a poor understanding of medical knowledge and condemnation. Introverted, sensitive, worried, timid, emotional instability easily lead to suspicion of personality traits. Individuals with less healthy behaviors tend to be more suspicious. Medical colleges should enhance the theory of professional knowledge and practice, and pay attention to shaping the healthy personality of medical students to reduce the incidence of suspected diseases.