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围绕着“9·11”受害者赔偿基金,美国法学界展开了关于生命价值的讨论,这些讨论深化了我们对于侵权法体制与福利体制就生命价值有着不同评价维度的认识。全部赔偿与个别计算是侵权法的核心观念,而平等则是为福利体制所关注的原则,前者贯彻的是矫正正义,而后者践行的是分配正义。《侵权责任法》虽然明确了死亡赔偿金的财产损害赔偿性质,但第17条却表明立法者仍为同命同价的道德吁求所羁绊。相同数额赔偿的规定将平等主义引入私法,混淆了侵权法体制与福利体制的不同职司。人民法院应保持谦抑的态度,慎用立法机关赋予的过于宽泛的自由裁量权。
Around the 9/11 victim compensation fund, the American jurisprudence started a discussion on the value of life. These discussions deepened our understanding of the different dimensions of appraisal of the life value of tort system and welfare system. All compensation and individual calculation are the core concepts of tort law, while equality is the principle that is paid attention to by the welfare system. The former implements corrective justice while the latter practices distribution justice. While the Tort Liability Act defines the nature of damages for damages of death compensation, Article 17 shows that legislators are still fettered by the moral call for the same price. The same amount of compensation provides for the introduction of egalitarianism into private law, which obfuscates the different functions of tort system and welfare system. People’s courts should maintain a modest attitude and be careful about the over-broad discretion granted by the legislature.