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磺胺药的主要优点:1.抗菌谱广,对革兰氏阳性细菌及革兰氏阴性杆菌均有抗菌作用;2.可以口服,口服后吸收迅速,2～3小时血浓度可到达有效水平;3.能有效地渗入各组织及各种体液(包括脑脊液)中;4.稳定性强,药片可储藏多年而不变质。其主要缺点:1.是制菌剂而不是杀菌剂;2.体内的乙酰化率较高(各磺胺药的乙酰化率殊不一致),乙酰化物的溶解度较母药为低,因此有更多机会出现结晶尿和血尿。3.副作用有胃肠道反应、结晶尿、血尿、过敏
The main advantages of sulfa drugs: 1. Broad antibacterial spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacilli have antibacterial effects; 2. Can be oral, oral absorption quickly, 2 to 3 hours blood concentration can reach effective levels; 3. Can effectively penetrate into various tissues and various body fluids (including cerebrospinal fluid); 4. Stable, the tablets can be stored for many years without deterioration. The main drawbacks are: 1. Bacteriostasis rather than fungicide; 2. Higher acetylation rate in vivo (different acetylation rates for sulfonamides); acetylates have lower solubility than the parent drug and therefore more Occurrence of crystalline urine and hematuria. 3. Side effects of gastrointestinal reactions, crystal urine, hematuria, allergies