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本文以制造业及其进出口品的污染物排放强度为研究对象,分析了经济增长、国际贸易对中国环境的影响,并特别强调加工贸易和FDI在这其中的作用。研究结果显示:人均实际GDP提高所引起的对环境管制更规范的要求,是制造业污染强度下降最主要的因素,同时出口品的污染排放强度小于进口品的事实,证实对外贸易优化了中国的产业结构,也是利于环境的。加工贸易对制造业生产和出口的“清洁”也起到了显著作用。
In this paper, the discharge intensity of pollutants from manufacturing industry and its import and export products is taken as the research object. The effects of economic growth and international trade on China’s environment are analyzed. Emphasis is given to the role of processing trade and FDI in this. The results show that the more standardized environmental regulation caused by the increase in real GDP per capita is the most important factor in the decline of pollution intensity in manufacturing industry, and the fact that the emission intensity of pollution in exports is less than that of imports, confirming that foreign trade has optimized China’s Industrial structure, but also conducive to the environment. The processing trade also played a significant role in the “cleanliness” of manufacturing production and exports.