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中亚五国地处欧亚大陆腹地,地理条件封闭,跨界河流众多,水资源形成区与消耗区严重不一致,水资源利用问题及矛盾十分突出,是全球跨界河流水资源开发利用与生态环境保护问题的典型代表,开展中亚水资源及其开发利用研究,对研究跨界河流及干旱区水资源可持续利用具有十分重要的借鉴意义。在介绍中亚五国及其主要河流概况,评价提出中亚五国地表、地下水资源量及其分布特点的基础上,阐述了中亚五国人口及城市化、经济发展与产业结构、耕地及其历史演变,分析了中亚五国的水资源开发利用现状,并对开发利用中存在的问题进行了综述总结。
The five Central Asian countries, located in the hinterland of Eurasia, are closed in geographical conditions and have many cross-border rivers. There is a serious discrepancy between water resources formation and consumption areas. Water resources utilization and contradictions are very prominent. The development, utilization, The typical representative of environmental protection issues, to carry out research on water resources in Central Asia and its development and utilization, is very important reference for the study of sustainable utilization of water resources in transboundary rivers and arid regions. Based on the introduction of the five Central Asian countries and their major rivers, the paper presents the surface and groundwater resources in Central Asia and their distribution characteristics, and elaborates the population and urbanization in five Central Asian countries, economic development and industrial structure, cultivated land and The historical evolution of the development of water resources in Central Asia five countries analyzed the status quo, and development and utilization of existing problems are summarized.