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为减少交通工程建设对青藏高原生态环境的影响,分析了青藏高原地区降雨特性,制定了3个地区的暴雨公式;用青藏高原典型土壤进行了裸土、纯草皮、三维网草皮的边坡冲刷试验,获得了两种草皮的抗冲刷流速,并与西安黄土的抗冲刷流速进行对照;考虑坡面微地形的影响,将坡面水流概化为抛物线形浅沟流,通过现场实测确定了相关参数;计算了西宁、玉树、拉萨、德令哈4个地区的边坡水流参数,并结合室内冲刷试验结果,提出适用于4个地区的生态边坡防护方案。
In order to reduce the impact of traffic engineering construction on the ecological environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, rainfall characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were analyzed and rainstorm formulas were developed in three areas. Slope scouring of bare soil, pure turf and three-dimensional net turf The scouring velocities of the two turfgrasses were obtained and compared with the scouring velocities of Xi’an loess. Considering the influence of the microtopography on the slope surface, the slope water flow was generalized as a parabolic shallow channel, and the correlation was confirmed by field measurements The parameters of slope flow in four areas of Xining, Yushu, Lhasa and Delingha were calculated. Combined with the results of indoor erosion test, the ecological slope protection scheme suitable for four areas was proposed.