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目前临床应用的抗生素已达80余种,但肺部感染并未减少,且反有增多之趋势。病原菌增多,耐药菌株出现。肺部感染的致病菌,经历了肺炎球菌→金黄色葡萄球菌→革兰氏阴性杆菌的演变过程。G-杆菌以大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、肺炎杆菌为主;新的致病菌有军团菌,其他的还有支原体、衣原体的感染、卡氏肺囊虫性感染;霉菌感染,根据剖检资料,增加20倍;由于易感机体的增加,条件致病菌而致的机会感染和医院内获得性感染也日渐增多。
The current clinical application of antibiotics has reached more than 80 species, but the lung infection did not reduce, and anti-increased trend. Pathogen increased, resistant strains appear. The pathogen of pulmonary infection has undergone the evolution of pneumococcus → Staphylococcus aureus → Gram-negative bacilli. G-Bacillus Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia mainly; new pathogens Legionella bacteria, others are Mycoplasma, Chlamydia infection, Pneumocystis carinii infection; fungal infection, according to Autopsy data increased 20-fold; due to the increase of susceptible organisms, opportunistic pathogens caused by opportunistic infections and hospital-acquired infections are also increasing.