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[目的]研究近年来罗平油菜生长期间冻害的频繁发生对油菜生产造成的严重程度及补救措施。[方法]利用2013年度冬播油菜生长期间遇到的3次冻害,分析了10个品种(组合)抗冻害能力以及油菜冻害的补救措施。[结果]不同品种(组合)的油菜,冻害后割薹处理与未割薹处理相比较,其单株有效角果数、每角粒数和单株产量均有不同程度的增加,但千粒重没有变化。相关性分析表明冻害对单株有效角果数影响最大,经割薹处理后其产量性状均可恢复到一定水平,与单株产量都呈一定的正相关。[结论]该研究为今后解决油菜冻害恢复产量提供技术措施以及油菜抗冻害育种提供了科学依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the seriousness and remedy to the rapeseed caused by the frequent occurrence of frost damage during the rapeseed growth in recent years. [Method] The frost resistance of 10 cultivars (combination) and the remedial measures of frostbite were analyzed by using 3 frost damage encountered during the rapeseed growth in 2013. [Result] Compared with the uncut seeding treatment, the number of effective pods per seed, the number of per pod and the yield per plant increased with different varieties (combinations) of rapeseed after frostburn, but the 1000 - grain weight did not Variety. Correlation analysis showed that the frost damage had the greatest effect on the number of effective pods per plant, and the yield traits could be restored to a certain level after cutting and seeding, which showed a positive correlation with the yield per plant. [Conclusion] The study provided scientific basis for future technical measures to solve the frostbite yield recovery and rapeseed breeding.