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1935年7月上旬,长江中游发生了一次特大洪水。这次洪水是著名的“357”特大暴雨造成的,雨量集中、强度大。澧水、清江、沮漳河、三峡区间下段以及汉江中下游普遍发生了洪水灾害,灾情甚为严重。根据当年大水后的调查统计:湖北省有51个县(市)、湖南省有37个县受灾。两省灾民达1000万人以上,其中淹死的在10万人以上。洞庭湖受灾面积约350万亩;汉江中下游淹没面积约6640平方公里,襄阳以下汉阳以上成为一片汪洋。(一)洪水发展过程“357”暴雨从7月3日开始。7月4日,长江南岸澧水、清江一带的降雨强度普遍达到了高峰。7月5日至7月6日,长江以北,汉江以南地区的降雨量继续加强。7月7日起暴雨分布零乱,雨区向东北方向移动,暴雨基本结束。据资料分析,5天的400毫米降雨量等值线包围面积呈南北狭长的哑铃形,并有南北两个中心,南部中心在清江与澧水分水岭南侧
In early July 1935, a major flood occurred in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The flood was caused by the famous “357” torrential rain with heavy rainfall and intensity. The floods, the Qingjiang River, the Juzhang River, the lower reaches of the Three Gorges and the flood disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River have caused serious disasters. According to surveys after the floods that year: Hubei Province, 51 counties (cities), Hunan Province, 37 counties affected. Two provinces hit more than 10 million victims, of which more than 100,000 people drowned. Dongting Lake affected area of about 3.5 million mu; Han River inundated area of about 6640 square kilometers, Xiangyang following Hanyang become a vast expanse. (A) Flood Development “357” heavy rain began July 3. On July 4, the intensity of rainfall in Huangshui and Qingjiang Rivers along the south bank of the Yangtze River reached a peak. July 5 to July 6, rainfall north of the Yangtze River and south of the Han River continued to strengthen. On July 7, the rainstorm distribution was in disorder, the rain area moved to the northeast, and the heavy rain ended basically. According to the data analysis, the five-day 400 mm rainfall contour surrounded by a long, narrow dumbbell shape with two north-south centers and the southern center is located on the south side of the Qingjiang and Huangshui watersheds