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目的分析青海省海南藏族自治州4～17岁人群先天性心脏病(CHD)状况和分布特点。方法采用整体普查法,对青海省海南藏族自治州53827名幼儿园、中小学4～17岁人群进行流行病学调查。结果CHD患病率为5.68‰,其中男性患病率为3.95‰,女性患病率为7.66‰,男女患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在CHD的不同类型中,房间隔缺损患病率最高,为1.84‰,占CHD总数的32.35%;其他类型CHD患病率由高到低依次为:室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭及其他类型,不同病种之间患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同年龄段人群之间患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),<7岁患病率为2.92‰,与其他各年龄组患病率相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。兴海县为8.90‰,同德县为7.20‰,贵南县为5.88‰,共和县为5.78‰,贵德县为3.80‰,不同县的患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患病率与海拔高度无相关关系。不同民族患病率由高到低依次为:回族8.21‰,土族7.26‰,汉族7.18‰,藏族4.57‰,蒙古族4.18‰,藏族、蒙古族较低,与汉族、土族、回族患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论青海省海南藏族自治州CHD人群存在区域、民族、性别差异。
Objective To analyze the status and distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in 4 ~ 17 years old population in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. Methods The overall survey method was used to carry out epidemiological investigation on 53,827 kindergartens and primary and secondary school aged 4- 17 in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. Results The prevalence of CHD was 5.68 ‰, of which the prevalence was 3.95 ‰ in males and 7.66 ‰ in females. The prevalence of CHD was statistically significant (P <0.001). Among the different types of CHD, the highest prevalence of atrial septal defect was 1.84 ‰, accounting for 32.35% of the total number of CHD. The prevalence of CHD among other types was descending order: ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and other types There was significant difference in prevalence among different diseases (P <0.001). The prevalence rate among different age groups was statistically significant (P <0.001). The prevalence rate was 2.92 ‰ at <7 years old, with significant difference compared with other age groups (P0.05 ). Xinghai County was 8.90 ‰, Tongde County was 7.20 ‰, Guinan County was 5.88 ‰, Gonghe County was 5.78 ‰, Gude County was 3.80 ‰, and the prevalence rates in different counties were statistically significant (P <0.05) . Prevalence and altitude have no correlation. The prevalence rates of different ethnic groups were 8.21 ‰ of Hui nationality, 7.26 ‰ of Tu nationality, 7.18 ‰ of Han nationality, 4.57 ‰ of Tibetan nationality and 4.18 ‰ of Mongolian nationality, with a lower prevalence of Tibetan and Mongolian ethnicity compared with Han nationality, Tu nationality and Hui nationality , The differences were statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion CHD population in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province has regional, ethnic and gender differences.