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汉语中表示空间方位的“前、后”发展出表时间的功能后,既可表将来,也可表过去。如“前”在“前景、前途”中表将来,而在“前世、前人”中表过去。“后”在“后世、后人”中表将来,而在“后退、往后”中可表过去。王灿龙(2016)认为,以往使用“时间在动”和“人在动”两个隐喻模式并不能很好地解释汉语中“前、后”在表示时间时的复杂现象。本文在王文的基础上进一步指出,这种矛盾实际上并不存在。“前”表将来和“后”表过去,来源于人们将想象的“虚拟空间”和时间混为一谈。“虚拟空间”是相对“现实空间”而言,后者处于我们感知范围之内,前者超出我们的感知范围。“前景、前途”表示将来、“后退、往后”表示过去时,本质上是表示“虚拟空间”上的“前方”和“后方”。
After the function of expressing the time of the table in the Chinese language, the “front and rear” of the spatial orientation means that the time of the table can be expressed in the future as well as in the past. Such as “before ” in “prospects, future ” in the table in the future, but in “past lives, predecessors ” in the past table. “After ” in “future generations, descendants ” in the table in the future, but in “back, back ” can be in the past. Wang Chaolong (2016) argues that the two metaphorical models of “moving time” and “moving people” in the past do not adequately explain the complex phenomena in Chinese expressing “before and after” in Chinese. This article further pointed out on the basis of Wang Wen that this kind of contradiction does not really exist. The “before” table and the “back” table in the future come from the confusion that people think of “virtual space” with time. “Virtual space ” is relatively “real space ”, the latter is within the scope of our perception, the former is beyond our perception. “Prospect, future ” said that in the future, “back, back ” said the past, essentially means “virtual space ” “front ” and “rear ”.