论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨内镜超声引导下纳米炭标记法在直肠癌腹腔镜手术前定位的应用价值。方法:选取2018年4月—2019年4月联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院经活检病理诊断为直肠癌拟行腹腔镜手术的患者60例，根据随机数字表法分为内镜超声标记组（A组）、结肠镜标记组（B组）与无标记的对照组（C组）。记录肠镜下标记时肠腔内染料漏渗率、不良反应情况，腹腔镜术中观察被标记的直肠浆膜黑染情况。记录术中寻找病灶时间、总手术时间、切除肠段长度、切缘距肿瘤距离、手术保肛率，比较术后病理结果。结果:A组内镜超声发现2例肿瘤肛侧可疑的壁内扩散，扩散长度分别为0.42 cm和0.71 cm，显微镜下观察扩散长度分别为0.36 cm和0.64 cm；B组病理检查发现1例肿瘤肛侧的壁内扩散，显微镜下观察扩散长度为0.53 cm；C组病理检查发现3例肿瘤肛侧的壁内扩散，显微镜下观察扩散长度分别为0.43 cm、0.36 cm和0.28 cm。被标记者术中均易在直肠浆膜面发现黑染标记点，B组3例腹膜表面和肠系膜存在散在斑点状黑染。3组间数据对比如下：（1）术中寻找病灶时间：A组、B组均明显小于C组［（1.29±0.87）min、（1.31±0.63）min比（15.3±10.50）min，n P均<0.05］；（2）总手术时间：A组、B组均明显小于C组［（176.12±27.64）min、（175.67±26.48）min比（198.65±38.67）min，n P均<0.05］；（3）肠段切除长度：A组、B组均明显小于C组［（11.81±5.76）cm、（12.31±3.94）cm比（15.24±4.12）cm，n P均<0.05］；（4）切缘距肿瘤距离：A组、B组均明显小于C组［（3.61±1.26）cm、（4.57±1.58）cm比（6.13±2.47）cm，n P均0.05）。术后标本切缘均未发现肿瘤细胞残留。n 结论:在腹腔镜直肠癌术前，进行内镜下纳米炭注射标记，可减少术中不必要的肠段切除、缩短手术时间。而内镜超声引导下纳米炭标记更能直接了解肿瘤有无向肛侧的壁内扩散，为直肠癌肛侧手术切端的定位提供更精确的依据。“,”Objective:To explore the value of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided carbon nanoparticles tattooing for preoperative localization of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.Methods:Sixty patients diagnosed as having rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection in the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from April 2018 to April 2019 were randomly divided into the endoscopic ultrasonography-guided tattoo group (group A), the colonoscopy-guided tattoo group (group B) and the control group (group C) by random number table. The leakage rate of dye in intestinal tract, complications, and the tattooed serosa stained with carbon nanoparticles during laparoscopic surgery were recorded. Identification time of lesions, the total operation time, the length of resected rectal segment, tumor distance to distal resection margin, and the rate of anal preservation were analyzed and the postoperative pathology were compared.Results:In group A, endoscopic ultrasonography revealed 2 cases of suspected tumor extension toward the anal side within distal intestinal wall. The extension length was 0.42 cm and 0.71 cm respectively, and the extension length was 0.36 cm and 0.64 cm under microscope respectively. In group B, the pathology result showed that the extension length was 0.53 cm under microscope. In group C, the pathology result showed that the extension length were 0.43 cm, 0.36 cm and 0.28 cm under microscope respectively. Obvious black staining in the rectal serosa was found in all tattooed patients during the surgery. There were scattered black staining spots at the surface of peritoneum and mesentery in 3 cases in group B. The identification time of lesions in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (1.29 ± 0.87 min, 1.31 ± 0.63 min VS 15.3 ± 10.50 min, n P<0.05). The total operation time in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (176.12 ± 27.64 min, 175.67 ± 26.48 min VS 198.65 ± 38.67 min,n P<0.05). The length of resected rectal segment in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (11.81 ± 5.76 cm, 12.31 ± 3.94 cm VS 15.24 ± 4.12 cm,n P<0.05). The tumor distance to distal resection margin in group A and B were shorter than that in group C (3.61 ± 1.26 cm, 4.57 ± 1.58 cm VS 6.13 ± 2.47 cm,n P0.05). No residual tumor cells were found in any specimens.n Conclusion:Carbon nanoparticles tattooing guided by endoscopic ultrasonography could reduce unnecessary intestinal segment incision and shorten the operation time. It can also reveal tumor extension toward the anal side within intestinal wall, which provides more accurate localization for the distal incision of the lower rectal cancer.