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菜豆为豆科菜豆属中的栽培种,别名四季豆、芸豆、玉豆等,以嫩荚果和种子供食。菜豆起源于美洲中部和南部。据考古证实大约7000年前,墨西哥的瓦特坎谷地和秘鲁的科莱约·德·瓦伊拉斯印第安人就种植这种蔬菜。显然,这种菜豆是从一个普通野生种分别在两个地区驯化栽培的。分别驯化的结果是在墨西哥形成浅色、小籽粒品种;在秘鲁则形成深色、大籽粒品种。菜豆通过印第安人的迁徙逐渐传播到整个美洲。16世纪的西班牙探险者将菜豆带到欧洲。
Beans for the leguminosae cultivated species, alias green beans, kidney beans, beans and so on, to the tender pods and seeds for food. Beans originated in the central and southern Americas. Archeology confirmed that about 7,000 years ago, the vegetables were planted in the Waktugan Valley in Mexico and the Corleone de Valraslas in Peru. Obviously, this kidney bean is domestically cultivated in two areas from one common wild species. The result of domestication was the formation of light-colored, small-grain varieties in Mexico; dark-colored, large-grain varieties were formed in Peru. Beans are gradually spread throughout the Americas through Indians’ migration. Spanish explorers of the 16th century brought the beans to Europe.