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RSA密码体制以及许多其它现代公钥密码体制的安全性都以大数n=pq的素因子分解为基础。如果人们能在短时间内完成整数n的分解(即找出素因子p和q)那么RSA体制就立即被破译了。
The security of the RSA cryptosystem, as well as many other modern public-key cryptosystems, is based on a factorization of the prime number n = pq. If people can complete the decomposition of the integer n in a short period of time (ie finding the prime factors p and q) then the RSA regime is immediately deciphered.