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难养育儿童这一概念于1986年提出,指一组具5个气质特征,即无规律性,对陌生人或刺激的最初反应为退缩、低适应性,高反应强度和情绪消极的儿童。这样的儿童较易发生反应性行为问题。处于这种气质状态的儿童还常发生功能性腹痛和遗尿;在学习时往往注意力不集中、多动、学习成绩差;外出时外伤等意外事故的发生率明显增加。正是存在这些方面的异常表现,常被他们的家长、老师或看护者视为最难以养育或难于管理
The concept of hard-to-raise children was introduced in 1986 and refers to a group of children with five temperamental features, ie irregularity, initial reactions to strangers or stimuli, withdrawal, low fitness, high responsiveness, and negative emotions. Such children are more prone to reactive behavioral problems. Children in this state of temperament also often have functional abdominal pain and enuresis; often lack of concentration, hyperactivity and poor academic performance while studying; the incidence of traumatic accidents and other accidents on going out increases significantly. Existence of these abnormalities is often seen by their parents, teachers, or caregivers as being the hardest or harder to manage