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本文主要探讨了在针具交换效果评估时,一种会对评估结果产生影响的偏倚———针具交换参加者“自愿者偏倚”的具体表现和影响范围。首先结合世界范围内针具交换工作的不断开展和相关研究方法的逐步改进的历史,回顾了针具交换参加者“自愿者偏倚”被逐步发现的过程,列举了偏倚涉及的种种因素及其表现;随后探讨了这种偏倚对针具交换效果评估的不良影响,即部分抵消甚至逆转针具交换的保护作用,研究者应予以足够重视;最后指出这种偏倚虽然作为普遍存在,但其特征和影响程度具有多样性,应结合当地特征予以分析。
This paper mainly discusses the specific performance and influence scope of biases that affect the assessment results in the assessment of needle exchange effects --- “volunteer bias” of needle exchange participants. First of all, in view of the history of needle exchange in the world and the gradual improvement of related research methods, this paper reviews the process of “volunteer bias” of needle exchange participants being gradually found, and lists the various factors involved in the bias and its performance ; Then discussed the adverse effect of this kind of bias on the evaluation of needle exchange effect, that is partially offset or even reversed the protective effect of needle exchange, the researchers should pay enough attention; finally pointed out that although such bias as ubiquitous, but its characteristics and The degree of influence is diverse and should be analyzed in the light of local characteristics.