The analytic formulae of probability distribution of spiral plane modes for the Whittaker-Gaussian(WG) beams with orbital angular momentum(OAM) in strong turbul
The effect of background light on the imaging quality of three typical ghost imaging(GI) lidar systems(namely narrow pulsed GI lidar, heterodyne GI lidar, and p
The information leakage problem often exists in bidirectional quantum secure direct communication or quantum dialogue.In this work,we find that this problem als