论文部分内容阅读
[目的]为了解天津市中低产田面积变化情况及中低产田空间分布情况,为天津市中低产田改良及粮食增产提供基础依据。[方法]以天津市统计年鉴及相关区县统计年鉴数据为依据,拟定了高、中、低产田划分标准,分析了天津市6个主要农业区县(蓟县、武清区、宝坻区、宁河县、静海县和滨海新区大港区)1980~2010年30年间中低产田面积变化情况。[结果]经过30年的不懈努力,天津市粮食平均产量由1980年的2 445 kg/hm2提高到2010年的5 130 kg/hm2,增加了109.82%。天津市的中低产田面积由1980年的291 250.13hm2,下降至2010年的76 489.87 hm2,下降了74%。2010年天津市中低产田面积占全市耕地总面积的19%,其中静海县、蓟县、滨海新区大港、武清区、宝坻区、宁河县中低产田分别占全市中低产田总面积的43.12%、18.59%、17.23%、14.01%、7.05%和0。2010年天津市中低产田粮食增产限制因素分析表明,土壤养分含量低、干旱缺水和土壤盐渍化是主要限制因子。[结论]建议继续加大政府资金投入、强化水利基础设施建设、进一步提高土壤肥力、综合改良盐碱地、优化耕作制度种植耐旱耐盐作物品种等工程与技术措施,持续改良中低产田。
[Objective] The research aimed to provide the basis for the improvement of medium-low yield farmland and grain yield in Tianjin in order to understand the changes of the area of middle-low yield farmland and the spatial distribution of middle and low yield farmland in Tianjin. [Method] Based on the statistical yearbook of Tianjin Municipality and relevant counties and counties, the standard of division of high, medium and low yield fields was drawn up. The main agricultural districts and counties in Tianjin (Jixian, Wuqing, Baodi and Ning He County, Jinghai County and Binhai New Area Dagang District) from 1980 to 2010, 30 years of middle and low yield area changes. [Result] After 30 years unremitting efforts, the average grain output in Tianjin increased from 2 445 kg / hm2 in 1980 to 5 130 kg / hm2 in 2010, an increase of 109.82%. The middle and low yield farmland area in Tianjin dropped from 291 250.13hm2 in 1980 to 76 489.87 hm2 in 2010, a decrease of 74%. In 2010, the area of middle and low yield farmland in Tianjin accounted for 19% of the total cultivated land in the city, of which the middle and low yield farmland of Jinghai County, Jixian County, Binhai New Area Dacang District, Wuqing District, Baodi District and Ninghe County accounted for 43.12% %, 18.59%, 17.23%, 14.01%, 7.05% and 0. The analysis of limiting factors for grain yield increase in middle-low yield field in 2010 in Tianjin shows that low soil nutrient content, drought and water shortage and soil salinization are the main limiting factors. [Conclusion] It is recommended to continue to increase government funds, strengthen water conservancy infrastructure construction, further improve soil fertility, comprehensively improve saline-alkali land, optimize farming system to plant drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant crop varieties and other engineering and technical measures, and continue to improve middle-low yield field.