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目的分析深圳市某大型修船厂工作场所职业病危害情况和作业人员健康检查状况,为职业病防治提供依据。方法2009-2013年连续5年对该造船厂进行职业卫生现场调查和检测,并结合2012年和2013年工人健康体检结果进行分析。结果该修船厂主要职业有害因素包括:生产性粉尘、锰及化合物、有机溶剂苯系物和噪声。结果显示电焊烟尘和砂轮磨尘、锰及其无机化合物(Mn O2计)均存在不同程度的超标,其中超标最严重的是锰及其无机化合物,定点采样检测超标率达67.44%,个体检测时间加权平均浓度最大值达7.55 mg/m3,远高于国家标准限值(0.15 mg/m3)。噪声作业岗位中70.03%的工人(76/107)每日接触噪声强度超过国家接触限值[85d B(A)]标准。个体采样检测结果中,二甲苯超标率为50%,最高浓度达233mg/m3。健康体检结果显示,2012年血常规异常率高于2013年,结果差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.61,P<0.01);结论粉尘、锰及其无机化合物、苯系物以及噪声是该造船厂主要职业病危害因素,应加强对这些职业病危害因素的预防控制,重视接触职业危害工人的健康监护。
Objective To analyze the occupational hazards in the workplace of a large shipyards in Shenzhen and the status of health check-up for workers, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods The shipyard was investigated and tested for occupational health for five consecutive years from 2009 to 2013, and the results of workers’ health examination in 2012 and 2013 were analyzed. Results The main occupational hazards of the shipyard include: productive dust, manganese and compounds, organic solvent benzene compounds and noise. The results show that there are different levels of excessive wear of welding fume, dust of grinding wheel, manganese and its inorganic compounds (Mn O2), of which manganese and its inorganic compounds are the most serious ones. The over-standard rate of spot sampling and detection reaches 67.44% The weighted average maximum concentration of 7.55 mg / m3, much higher than the national standard limit (0.15 mg / m3). 70.03% of workers in a noise job (76/107) had daily exposure to noise exceeding the national exposure limit of [85d B (A)]. Individual sampling test results, xylene exceeded the rate of 50%, the highest concentration of 233mg / m3. The result of physical examination showed that the abnormal rate of blood routine in 2012 was higher than that of 2013, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 8.61, P <0.01); Conclusion The dust, manganese, inorganic compounds, The main occupational hazards should be to strengthen the prevention and control of these occupational hazards and attach importance to occupational health workers exposed to occupational hazards.