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目的:解剖研究兔前交叉韧带止点的大体形态,建立椭圆形骨道改良重建兔前交叉韧带动物模型。方法:18只新西兰大白兔(2.5~3 kg),8只用于前交叉韧带止点解剖研究,10只用于椭圆形骨道动物模型的建立。去除兔膝关节股骨内髁和前交叉韧带周围软组织,观察兔前交叉韧带股骨和胫骨止点形态,并使用游标卡尺对止点长短径进行测量。制作椭圆形骨道扩孔器(截面1.6 mm×2.5 mm),对10只新西兰大白兔右腿行椭圆形骨道重建前交叉韧带作为椭圆形骨道组,对其左腿用传统方法圆形骨道(截面直径2 mm)重建前交叉韧带作为圆形骨道组。取兔自体半腱肌放入骨道并固定,观察移植物与骨道的匹配程度。术后立即对兔双侧膝关节行三维CT扫描,对股骨和胫骨骨道的截面积、长径、短径、直径进行测量。结果:兔前交叉韧带止点的解剖形态为椭圆形。股骨止点的长径为5.28±0.83 mm,短径为2.61±0.33 mm。胫骨止点长径为5.33±0.40 mm,短径为2.68±0.11 mm。移植物肌腱与骨道匹配良好,未见明显空隙。椭圆形骨道组股骨骨道截面积为3.18±0.09 mm~2,胫骨骨道截面积为3.26±0.15 mm~2。圆形骨道组股骨骨道截面积为3.13±0.10 mm~2,胫骨骨道截面积为3.11±0.11 mm~2。椭圆形骨道组和圆形骨道组之间骨道截面积无显著差异。结论:兔前交叉韧带止点为椭圆形。使用自制椭圆形骨道扩孔器可成功构建与圆形骨道相对应的兔椭圆形骨道动物模型,并有很好的移植物与骨道匹配性,为下一步深入研究奠定了实验动物模型基础。
OBJECTIVE: To anatomize the general morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in rabbits and to establish the animal model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with oval bone graft. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits (2.5 ~ 3 kg) were used in the study. Anterior cruciate ligament anchorage anatomy was performed in 8 rabbits and 10 rabbits in oval osteotomies were established. Removal of rabbit knee joint femoral condyle and anterior cruciate ligament around soft tissue, anterior cruciate ligament anterior cruciate ligament tibia and morphological observation, and the use of vernier caliper to measure the length and breadth of stop. Oval bone reamer (1.6 mm × 2.5 mm in cross section) was made. The anterior cruciate ligament of 10 New Zealand white rabbits was oval shaped. The anterior cruciate ligament The bone tunnel (2 mm in cross-section) reconstructed the anterior cruciate ligament as a circular bone graft. Rabbit self-semitendinosus tendon into the bone and fixed to observe the degree of matching graft and bone. Immediately after the operation, bilateral three-dimensional CT scans of the rabbits were performed, and the cross-sectional area, long diameter, short diameter and diameter of the femur and tibia were measured. Results: Anatomical morphology of anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits was oval. The long axis of the femur point was 5.28 ± 0.83 mm and the short axis was 2.61 ± 0.33 mm. The tibia only point long diameter is 5.33 ± 0.40 mm, short diameter is 2.68 ± 0.11 mm. Graft tendon and bone match well, no obvious gap. The cross-sectional area of femur and bone in the oval bone graft group was 3.18 ± 0.09 mm 2, and the tibial bone cross-sectional area was 3.26 ± 0.15 mm 2. The cross-sectional area of the femur and the femur in the circular group was 3.13 ± 0.10 mm 2, and the cross-sectional area of the tibia was 3.11 ± 0.11 mm 2. There was no significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the bone between the oval and circular osteotomy groups. Conclusion: The anterior cruciate ligament of rabbits is oval. The homemade oval bone reamer can be successfully used to construct a rabbit oval bone animal model corresponding to a circular bone, and has good graft and bone matching, which lays the foundation for the next further study Model foundation.