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化肥施用对提高中国农作物产量起到十分重要的作用,然而化肥的密集性施用将造成严重的环境污染问题,正逐步引起相应的关注。本研究的目标在于通过实证分析的方法测算化肥过量施用的实际情况。基于中国四省的农户调查数据,本研究旨在利用科布道格拉斯生产函数以及利润最优理论,实证分析农户层面化肥过量施用的程度。研究结果表明,中国农户的化肥施用量达到平均110.5公斤每亩,这其中化肥过量施用量达到46.9公斤,占到总施用量的42.5%。因此,减少过量施用量存在较大的空间,如何有效地减少化肥过量施用量已经成为一项重要的议题,并需要在今后开展进一步的深入研究。
Fertilizer application plays an important role in improving crop production in China. However, intensive application of fertilizers will cause serious environmental pollution problems and is gradually arousing corresponding attention. The objective of this study is to determine the actual situation of over-fertilization of fertilizer by means of empirical analysis. Based on household survey data from four provinces in China, this study aims to empirically analyze the extent of over-fertilization at the farmer level using the Cobb Douglas production function and the profit-maximization theory. The results showed that the average amount of chemical fertilizers applied by Chinese farmers reached 110.5 kg per acre, of which 46.9 kg was used in excess of chemical fertilizers, accounting for 42.5% of the total. Therefore, there is more room to reduce the excessive application rate. How to effectively reduce the excessive application of chemical fertilizer has become an important issue and needs to be further studied in the future.