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采用卵白素生物素过氧化物酶复合物（ＡＢＣ）法，检测食管癌高发区居民食管癌变过程中肿瘤抑制基因ＷＡＦ１和Ｐ５３的变化。结果：在食管正常上皮和各级不同病变组织中，均可见ＷＡＦ１和Ｐ５３在细胞核内的表达，随病变进展到间变和鳞癌，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性率逐渐降低。从正常到基底细胞增生，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞数轻度升高，但到间变和鳞癌阶段，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞数未见进一步升高。在正常上皮和基底细胞增生阶段，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞数少于Ｐ５３免疫阳性细胞，在间变和癌阶段更低。ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞主要位于基底细胞第３、４层，比Ｐ５３免疫阳性细胞高２～４个细胞层。提示：间变时低水平的ＷＡＦ１可能与Ｐ５３功能丧失有关。在间变和癌时ＷＡＦ１低表达的机理尚需进一步研究。
The changes of tumor suppressor genes WAF-1 and P53 in the esophageal carcinogenesis of residents with high incidence of esophageal cancer were detected by the ABC method. Results: The expression of WAF-1 and P53 in the nucleus was found in the normal esophageal epithelium and in different grades of lesions. With the progression of the disease to metastasis and squamous cell carcinoma, the immunopositive rate of WAF 1 gradually decreased. From normal to basal cell proliferation, the number of WAF-1 immunopositive cells increased slightly, but no increase in the number of WAF-1 immunopositive cells was observed during metaphase and squamous cell carcinoma. In the stage of normal epithelial and basal cell proliferation, the number of WAF-1 immunopositive cells was less than that of P53 immunopositive cells, and it was lower in the interphase and the cancerous stage. WAF 1 immunopositive cells were mainly located in the 3rd and 4th layers of basal cells, which were 2 to 4 layers higher than P53 immunopositive cells. Tip: The low levels of WAF-1 during interphase may be related to the loss of P53 function. The mechanism of low expression of WAF-1 in metastasis and cancer needs further study.