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人们把在生产、科研、管理中获得的知识、技能、经验等用文字记载下来,就成了科技文献。科技文献有两类:一类是自由传递的,通过索取、交换、订购等方式可以得到,称作一般科技资料;一类是限制传递的科技文献。例如,美国官方最近透露的《偷袭》技术(即制造雷达发现不了的军用飞机的技术),记载这项技术细节的文件就是高度机密的科技文献。获得这类文献大体有三条途径:(1)引进;(2)采取间谍活动等特殊手段;(3)从分析公开资料和可以调查的材料获得。如美国通过地面监听站,利用高空侦察机和低轨道和同步轨道卫星截获苏联洲际导
When people record the knowledge, skills and experience they have acquired in production, scientific research and management in written form, they become scientific and technical documents. There are two types of scientific and technical documents: one is free to pass, which can be obtained through the methods of obtaining, exchanging and ordering, which are called general scientific and technical materials; the other is scientific and technical documents that limit the transmission. For example, the “sneak attack” technology recently disclosed by the U.S. government (that is, the technology that makes military aircraft impossible to find by radar) and the document detailing this technical detail are highly classified scientific and technical documents. There are basically three ways to obtain such literature: (1) introduction; (2) special measures such as espionage; and (3) access to public information and investigative material. For example, the United States intercepted the intercontinental guide of the Soviet Union through ground monitoring stations, the use of high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft and low-orbiting and geostationary orbiting satellites