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面对当前资本主义社会的新发展,哈特和奈格里认为传统的马克思主义物质劳动论已缺乏解释力,并以非物质劳动论作为分析工具,构建其独特的帝国理论体系。在他们看来,非物质劳动已取代物质劳动成为主导性劳动方式,且赋予劳动以生命政治的特征。非物质劳动在促成“帝国”这一新的资本主义统治形式形成的同时,又能够激发出巨大的革命潜能,从而构成颠覆“帝国”的决定性力量。尽管哈特和奈格里的非物质劳动论在形式上延循了马克思主义的经济分析传统与政治旨趣,他们也自认为这是对马克思主义“物质劳动”的发展与创新,但就其实质而言,却偏离了马克思主义劳动价值论的本真精神。
Facing the new development of the current capitalist society, Hart and Negri argues that the traditional materialist labor theory of Marxism has no explanatory power and uses the non-material labor theory as the analytical tool to construct its unique theoretical system of the empire. In their view, intangible labor has replaced material labor as the dominant mode of labor and has given life the political character of labor. The intangible labor, while contributing to the formation of a new form of capitalist domination of “Empires,” can also inspire tremendous revolutionary potential and thus constitute the decisive force in overthrowing the “empire.” Although Hart and Negri’s immaterial labor theory formally followed the traditional Marxist economic analysis and political interests, they also considered it as the development and innovation of Marxist “material labor.” In essence, it deviated from the true spirit of Marxist labor theory of value.