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为了将阳光引入建筑物室内，必须建立一套能够自动跟踪太阳的机械装置，将作周旋转运动的阳光引到固定方向，并将由大口径反射镜定向的光束的直径缩小，以便通过小直径的导光管引入建筑物内部。 广泛应用于太阳能电站的定日镜结构简单，但由于太阳光对镜面是倾斜入射的，再由于太阳光束的自身旋转，反射镜不能得到充分利用，以致跟踪装置结构庞大，经济上不合理。比较好的解决途径是采用大口径天文望远镜的所谓地平式结构，它的主返射镜始终对准太阳，因而避免了有效反射截而的损失，比定日镜的结构尺寸小得多。对于建筑物采光，对太阳跟踪不需很高的精度，不存在工程技术上的难题，可以用较低的价格实现。 文章对照明面积１０００米２，室内最低照度为２００勒克司的情况进行了计算，对极向定日镜，水平定日镜和地平式望远镜三种结构进行了比较，结果如表１所示，此外，提出了三种结构的估计价格。 表２给出合用地平式望远镜的结构，一年内可达到的室内最高照度（对于北京，地理纬度４０℃） 地平式望远镜装置的基本公式为： ｃｏｓＥ＝ｓｉｎＦ＋ＣｏｓＦ ＳｉｎＤ ＣｏｓＴ ｔｇＡ＝ＣｏｓＤｓｉｎＴ／－ＳｉｎＤＣｏｓＦ＋ＣｏｓＤＳｉｎｆＣｏｓＦ式中：Ｆ——建筑物所在地的地理纬度。 Ｄ，Ｔ—?
In order to introduce sunlight into the building, a set of mechanical devices that can automatically track the sun must be established to direct the sun that rotates around in a fixed direction, and to narrow the diameter of the beam oriented by the large-aperture mirror so as to pass through the small diameter. The light pipe is introduced inside the building. The heliostats widely used in solar power plants have a simple structure. However, because the sunlight is obliquely incident on the mirrors, the mirrors cannot be fully utilized due to the self-rotation of the solar beams, resulting in a huge structure of the tracking device and being economically unreasonable. A better solution is to use a so-called ground-level structure with a large bore astronomical telescope. Its main retroreflector is always aligned with the sun, thus avoiding the loss of effective reflections and much smaller than the structure size of the heliostats. For building lighting, there is no need for high precision for sun tracking, and there are no engineering problems. It can be achieved at a lower price. The article calculates the illumination area of 1000 m 2 and the minimum indoor illumination of 200 lux, and compares the three structures of polar heliostats, horizontal heliostats and terrestrial telescopes. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the estimated prices of the three structures are proposed. Table 2 shows the structure of a combined ground-based telescope, and the highest indoor illumination attainable within a year (for Beijing, the geographical latitude is 40°C). The basic formula of the ground-based telescope device is: cosE=sinF+CosF SinD CosT tgA=CosDsinT/-SinDCosF+CosDSinfCosF :F—The geographic latitude of the location of the building. D, T??