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肿瘤发生的机制多种多样,其中非整倍体细胞导致的肿瘤占了相当大的比例。然而,在某些情况下,非整倍体的细胞可以抑制肿瘤的发生。某些致癌因素可以引起细胞微卫星不稳定性(microsatellite instability,MSI)的发生,而MSI可以通过框移突变促进肿瘤的发生。当DNA损伤无法修复时,细胞可以利用跨损伤DNA合成(translesion DNA synthesis,TLS)提高其对DNA损伤的耐受性。非整倍体、MSI和TLS与肿瘤发生的机制有关,对肿瘤的治疗也有一定的影响。
There are many mechanisms of tumorigenesis, of which aneuploid cells account for a considerable proportion of the tumors. However, in some cases, aneuploid cells can inhibit tumorigenesis. Some of the carcinogenic factors can cause the occurrence of microsatellite instability (MSI), and MSI can promote the tumor by box-shifting mutation. When DNA damage can not be repaired, the cells can use DNA to improve their resistance to DNA damage using translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Aneuploidy, MSI and TLS are related to the mechanism of tumorigenesis and have some influence on the treatment of tumors.