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为解决辐射致癌患者的赔偿问题,美国国立卫生研究院提出用病因概率(probability of causation,PC)来评估癌症和所受电离辐射之间的关联程度,我国也发布了根据PC判断放射性肿瘤的相关国家标准。本文总结了与PC计算相关的辐射致癌超额危险模型的研究进展,并介绍了超额危险在不同人群之间的转换方法、与低剂量和低剂量率的依赖关系、其他流行病学危险因子的修正方法以及PC的应用情况。
To address the issue of compensation for patients with radiation-induced cancer, the National Institutes of Health proposed the use of the probability of causation (PC) to assess the association between cancer and ionizing radiation exposure. Our country also published the correlations of radioactive tumors based on PC National standard. This article summarizes advances in PC-based radiation-induced excess-risk models of radiation and describes the conversion of excess-risk among different populations, the dependence of low-dose and low-dose rates, the revision of other epidemiological risk factors Method and the application of PC.