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目的分析淮北矿业集团1963—2012年尘肺病发病规律及特征,为尘肺防治及相关政策的制定提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性研究方法对淮北矿业集团1963—2012年9月已确诊的6 085例尘肺病例进行发病特征统计分析。结果尘肺病例以壹期为主;肺结核合并率为17.55%,肺结核合并率随尘肺期别升高而升高;自上世纪80年代以来,各年代尘肺病诊断例数大致相当;尘肺病例发病年龄以45~55岁为主,平均(51.10±9.02)岁。各期尘肺病以煤工尘肺为主,主要工种为煤矿混合工;各期尘肺病总体发病工龄以20~30 a为主,占47.20%,平均发病工龄(23.20±7.75)a。结论该矿业集团尘肺病肺结核合并率居高不下;尘肺病发病情况依旧不容乐观;重点保护工种为煤矿混合工;应加强煤矿工人的职业健康监护。
Objective To analyze the incidence and characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Huaibei Mining Group from 1963 to 2012, and provide a scientific basis for the development of pneumoconiosis prevention and control policies. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the incidence characteristics of 6 085 cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed in Huaibei Mining Group from 1963 to September 2012. Results The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly in the first phase. The rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was 17.55%. The rate of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pneumoconiosis was increased. Since the 1980s, the number of cases of pneumoconiosis was roughly the same in each age. Mainly 45 to 55 years old, with an average (51.10 ± 9.02) years. The main types of pneumoconiosis were coal miners and pneumoconiosis, and the main types of work were coal miners. The overall incidence of pneumoconiosis was 20-30 days, accounting for 47.20% of the total. The average length of service was 23.20 ± 7.75 years. Conclusion The mining group pneumoconiosis pulmonary tuberculosis merger rate is high; the incidence of pneumoconiosis is still not optimistic; focus on the protection of workers for coal miner; should strengthen coal mine workers occupational health monitoring.