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本研究旨在确定培育与大麦品种具有相似早熟性普通小麦的难点。将熟性早晚程度各异的30个大麦和30个小麦品种秋播于日本仓敷市室外,小麦的幼穗分化期(二棱期,T_1)比大麦的明显推迟。尽管小麦和大麦的拔节期(T_2)无差异,但小麦各品种的抽穗(T_3)、开花(T_4)和成熟(M)期均比大麦较晚。小麦的T_1与T_2、大麦的T_2与T_3呈最密切相关,但小麦和大麦的T_3均与M相关性最密切。本实验研究了大麦和小麦各7个品种灌浆期的差异。不论开花时间如何,由于小麦通常比大麦多需要3—5天的灌浆期,故其灌浆期间上午九时的积温比大麦品种高200℃以上。又对2个典型大麦与小麦品种作了进一步分析,结果表明:开花后收获指数增长率,大麦一直较高,而小麦直到开花后2—3周仍很低。此外,大麦随开花后天数的增加茎、秆重呈线性降低,而小麦开花后20—30天内无变化。由此推论,小麦和大麦灌浆期间的差异,可能是由于茎叶向籽粒运输光合产物有差异所造成的。这也许是培育象大麦那样早熟小麦品种的主要限制因素。
The aim of this study was to identify the difficulties in developing common wheat with similar precocity to barley varieties. Thirty barley cultivars and 30 wheat cultivars with different degrees of maturity were sowed in autumn in Kurashiki City, Japan. The differentiation of wheat (dwarfing period, T_1) was obviously delayed than that of barley. Although there was no difference in T_2 between wheat and barley, the heading date (T_3), flowering (T_4) and maturity (M) of wheat varieties were all later than that of barley. T_1 and T_2 in wheat and T_2 and T_3 in barley were the most closely related, but T_3 in wheat and barley were most closely related to M. This experiment studied the barley and wheat seven varieties of grain filling differences. Irrespective of flowering time, since the wheat usually requires a filling period of 3-5 days longer than barley, the accumulated temperature at 9:00 am during filling is more than 200 ° C. higher than that of the barley. Further analysis was conducted on two typical barley and wheat cultivars. The results showed that after flowering, the index of increase of harvest index was consistently higher for barley while wheat remained low until 2-3 weeks after flowering. In addition, barley stalk weight decreased linearly with increasing days after flowering, while no change occurred within 20-30 days after flowering. It follows that the differences between wheat and barley during grain filling may be due to differences in photosynthate transport from shoot to leaf. This may be a major limiting factor in cultivating precocious wheat varieties like barley.